AG彩票- - (中国)维基百科

来源：AG彩票2024-01-25 17:48

夯实粮食安全根基******

　　光明日报记者陈晨

　　寒冬时节，山东省东营市东营区文汇街道王营村党群服务中心“党员驿站”一点儿也不冷清。因为要连线省农科院水稻专家，种植户们早早聚在这里。“今年，我们合作社的水稻要扩种700亩，得选好品种、用好技术种好粮，打响黄河口品牌，保证粮食稳产高产。”刚结束视频连线，东营区慧智农业专业合作社理事长王龙义信心十足地告诉记者。

　　在王营水稻种植基地，良种、良法、良机与良田有机结合，生产实现全程机械化。今年，合作社计划“小田变大田”，通过除埂、填沟，增加可耕种的土地面积，吸引更多种植能手投入水稻种植，加快新品种、新技术推广应用，努力提高粮食产量和种粮收益。

　　悠悠万事，吃饭为大。国家统计局公布的数据显示，2022年，全国粮食总产量达13730.6亿斤，比上年增加73.6亿斤，增长0.5%，连续8年站稳1.3万亿斤台阶。近日召开的中央经济工作会议和中央农村工作会议都提出，实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动。

　　“食为政首，粮安天下。我们要从继续推进高标准农田改造、扩大良种覆盖等方面综合施策，落实落细各项惠农措施。”文汇街道党工委书记隋长杰说，要把实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动融入到乡村振兴中，发挥好党支部领办合作社的引领示范作用，不断挖掘粮食增产潜力，更好地保障粮食安全。

　　【专家点评】

　　农业农村部农村经济研究中心主任金文成：

　　粮食安全是“国之大者”。2015年以来我国粮食产量连续8年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上。在国内资源、生态条件约束趋紧的背景下，粮食高位增产的难度越来越大。而随着我国城乡居民食物消费结构升级，粮食供需总量和结构性矛盾凸显。此外，当今世界处于百年未有之大变局，保障我国粮食安全刻不容缓。“实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动”，是牢牢把握粮食安全主动权、确保粮食和重要农产品供给的重大战略安排，是我国实现中华民族伟大复兴、增强应对世界百年未有之大变局的底气所在。

　　提高粮食产能，必须以“提地力”为基础，抓住“科技增产”这个关键，把提高农业综合生产能力作为重大任务，全面落实藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略。一要保住耕地数量。落实耕地保护党政同责，严守18亿亩耕地红线，强化耕地非农用途管制，强化农业用途管控，落实好耕地利用优先序，确保耕地用于种粮的数量。二要提升耕地质量。下大气力加强耕地质量建设，大规模开展农田水利建设，大规模开展高标准农田建设，将永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田，全面增强农业抗灾减灾能力，实现粮食稳产高产。三要着力提高单产。在增产和减损上两头发力。深入实施种业振兴行动，打好种业翻身仗，突破种质创新、新品种选育、高效繁育等关键环节的核心技术，尽快培育一批具有重大应用前景和自主知识产权的突破性粮食优良品种。全面提高农机作业水平，促进良种良田良法配套、农机农艺农技融合，减少农机作业粮食损失；强化病虫害预测预报和统防统治，减少病虫害导致的粮食损失。稳步推进农业规模经营，大力发展以生产托管为主的农业专业化社会化服务，促进粮食生产节本增效增产提质。四要切实强化激励。着力调动和提升“两个积极性”。完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制，全面落实粮食安全党政同责，调动主产区抓粮积极性，让主产区抓粮经济上得实惠、政治上有待遇，多种粮、多打粮、多卖粮。健全种粮农民收益保障机制，构建价格、补贴、保险“三位一体”的扶持政策体系，调动农民种粮积极性，让农民种粮不吃亏，能获利、多得利。

　　《光明日报》（ 2023年01月05日 15版）

AG彩票

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.